State Variety Testing Research Articles

Tomato breeding for open ground in the south of Russia

   Relevance. Tomato is the most widespread vegetable crop in the southern regions of Russia and one of the most popular with the population in all natural and climatic zones of the country. The majority of products is produced in large vegetable-growing, farming and private household farms. One of the most important tasks is to improve the assortment taking into account natural and climatic conditions of cultivation and directions of use. In this regard, the selection of industrial tomato with a high level of flexibility and resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors for the south of Russia is an urgent task.   The aim of the study is to evaluate economically valuable features of perspective lines and new hybrids of tomato of industrial type, adapted to the conditions of southern Russia.   Material and methodology. The work was carried out in the open field conditions of experimental production farm of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Industry (Moscow region) and Biryuchekutskaya vegetable breeding experimental station – branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Rostov region).   The objects of research were breeding material and 6 perspective new hybrid combinations of tomato of selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Scientific Institution of the Russian Federation.   Results and discussion. As a result of step-by-step study and selection, the most promising samples were identified for further use as source material for practical breeding: B-6-C-2014, VS-B-№7, VS-B-18, VS-B-20, VS-B-35, VS-B-38. As a result of the competitive testing, the best hybrid combinations were identified: F1 B-1, F1 B-2, F1 B-4, meeting the requirements of commercial production in the south of Russia. It is shown that the hybrid combination F1 B-2 exceeds both standard samples F1 Meteor and F1 Perfectpeel both in terms of total yield (by 10.9 t/ha and 9.6 t/ha), marketability of fruits, and dry matter content in fruits (6.1 % vs. 5.1% and 5.2 %). Taking into account the complex of economic characteristics, a precocious F1 hybrid of tomato F1 B-2 called F1 Profy has been submitted to the State Variety Testing, as it shows stable economic characteristics over several years of study.

The effectiveness of breeding work on the improvement of the main economically important traits of traditional variety population Banannaya in Primorsky kray

   Relevance. Although there is notable success in breeding vegetable crops to obtain heterotic F1 hybrids, traditional selection methods have been gaining in popularity as a means of improving the economically important traits of local traditional varieties in Russia today. These varieties suffered the reduction in their valuable starting parameters (yield, the uniformity of marketable produce and biochemical composition) over the many years of reproduction. The Department of Potato Breeding and Horticulture (FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaiki”) have been working on the creation of new squash variety-populations with large fruits using the variety-population Banannaya 42, bred by V. Ya. Smolei at the Far Eastern experimental station of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Plant Breeding in the 1940s, as the starting material. We carried out a multi-year research on the selection of promising families belonging to this variety to increase yield, improve the uniformity of fruits and the main biochemical parameters.   Results. The breeding work conducted on the families of variety-population 945 in 2011-2022 resulted in the improvement of some economically important traits (the uniformity of fruit shape, yield, and biochemical parameters) compared to the started form. The eleven years of research allowed us to achieve high uniformity of fruit shape in the selection of the ninth year (PIP 2) – 90.0-90.7 % (increased by 34.9-36.0 %). The yield increased from 28.4 t/ha to 38.2-45.3 t/ha or by 34.5-59.5 %. The following biochemical parameters were improved through selection: the content of dry mater from 8.5 to 12.9 % or by 51.8 % on average, the content of sugars from 6.1 to 9.1 or by 49.2 %, the content of carotene from 1.7 to 3.8 or by 123.5 %, and the content of vitamin C from 9.6 to 21.1 or by 119.8 %. We selected the families of the same type from variety-population 945 (variety-population Banata) with improved and uniform economically important traits for submission to the State variety testing. The yield was 38.2-45.3 t/ha, fruits were heart-shaped, skin was greyish green, pulp was orange, and the content of sugars was 9.0-13.2 %. Large-fruited variety population Banata was included in the State register of breeding achievements admitted to use in the Russian Federation in 2024.

The effect of the moisture availability rate on the productivity and nutritional value of sorghum crops

Productivity reduced by drought is quite common. There can be up to 60.0% of the harvest losses. This is especially true for forage crops. The purpose of the current work was to identify the dependence of productivity and quality of green mass of sorghum crops on moisture availability during a vegetation period of plants. Sudan grass variety Alice, sugar sorghum variety Yuzhnoye, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid variety Gustolistny were used as research objects. The study was carried out in the Rostov region. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary carbonate black earth (chernozem). In order to study the variability of productivity and nutritional qualities, the years with the HTC level from 0.34 to 0.88 with an interval of 0.8–1.2 (2018–2022) were taken into account. The trials were conducted according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing. When the HTC increased from 0.34 to 0.88, there was a tendency to improve green mass productivity by 23.3–35.0% and decrease the protein percentage by 41.80–55.54%. A negative relationship between the amount of crude protein and the HTC value was revealed (r = –0.78... –0.92). The digestible protein yield decreased by 22.22–31.03% with increasing moisture content. The largest mean value was identified for the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid with 0.70 t/ha and the sweet sorghum variety with 0.71 t/ha. The variation coefficient of fiber content was 2.16–5.42%, which indicated weak variability of the trait over the years, and, consequently, a weak dependence on the moisture availability rate, which was confirmed by the correlation analysis (r = –0.03...0.32). The largest value of the metabolic energy was found in the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (10.42–10.80 mJ/kg). At the same time, there was no dependence of this indicator, as well as the amount of feed units, on the moisture availability rate. The highest amount of digestible protein per feed unit was identified in sweet sorghum (83.4 g). A tendency to decrease this indicator by 22.6–42.5% was found as the HTC level increased (r = –0.69...–0.90).

New pea variety ‘Antey’

The current paper has presented the characteristics of the new pea variety ‘Antey’ of Altai breeding according to the most important economically valuable and morphological characteristics. Breeding work to develop a variety at the FSBSI “Federal Altai Research Center of Agrobiotechnologies” began in 2003 from the moment of hybridization of the original parental forms. The variety ‘Antey’ was developed by individual selection from a hybrid combination (Varyag x Novosibirets) x Batrak. The species of the variety was ecaducum. On average, over the years of testing (2020–2022), the variety ‘Antey’ reliably differed from the standard variety ‘Batrak’ in terms of a set of breeding valuable traits. This variety has the most important economic and biological indicators, such as high productivity (2.75 t/ha), resistance to lodging (5 points), low susceptibility to diseases (4.5 points), high protein percentage (23.5 %). Based on phenological observations of pea crops, there have been identified some morphological features of this variety. The variety ‘Antey’ is a middle maturing one. The vegetation period lasts 70...75 days. The variety is determinate, plant height is 65 cm. The leafless type and compressed internodes of the new pea variety increase the resistance of shoots to lodging. The plants bear white flowers of medium size. Beans are shelled, straight. The number of seeds in a bean is 4–7. Our research has shown that over the course of three years in the Competitive Variety Testing, according to the above-mentioned traits, the variety ‘Antey’ significantly exceeds those of the standard variety ‘Batrak’, which made it possible to send this pea variety to the State Variety Testing in 2022. The variety ‘Antey’ is going to be tested in region 10 (West Siberian).

Economic and biological characteristics of soft winter wheat variety Krasnoobskaya ozimay

One of the main tasks of modern breeding is to create the varieties that are resistant to negative environmental factors giving consistently high yields in a changing climate. Since 2021, the variety of soft winter wheat Krasnobskaya оzimaya, created by recombination breeding, has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. Its pedigree includes, along with wheat varieties, triticum-agropyrum hybrid and triticale. This variety was evaluated for its economically valuable traits and properties. The studies were carried out in 2015–2022 in the Novosibirsk region. Novosibirskaya 40 was the standard, Novosibirskaya 3 was the control. Krasnobskaya оzimaya variety is recommended for cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of the West Siberian region. It is medium maturing, has rather high winter hardiness (60.0%) and resistance to lodging (4.1 to 4.7 points) with plant height up to 101 cm. The weight of 1000 grains averages 37.9 g. The variety has a high coefficient of productive tillering (5.3 pcs.). Over the years of the study, the average yield of the variety was 5.03 t/ha. On average, according to the results of the tests in the state variety test plots of the Novosibirsk region the yield amounted to 4.34 t/ha, the maximum yield was observed at the Maslyaninsky variety test plot – 4.9 t/ha, which is 1.14 t/ha higher than the standard. According to the results of the ecological test, the yield exceeded the varieties Novosibirskaya 40 and Novosibirskaya 3 by 0.74 and 0.41 t/ha, respectively, winter hardiness was at the level of the standards. High and stable yield of this variety is formed due to a number of economically valuable features: productive bushiness, weight of 1000 grains, resistance to lodging, winter hardiness. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the optimal sowing date of the Krasnobskaya оzimaya variety is September 1 with a shift of 1–3 days in both directions.

Selection of early ripe eggplant varieties resistant to root-knot nematodes

The article presents the results of many years of research with the aim of creating eggplant varieties and hybrids with early valuable economic traits and traits resistant to root-knot nematode. In the breeding nursery, 3 second-generation eggplant hybrids (F2), obtained as a result of generational research in 2005-2013, were studied. The lines were characterized by growth period, early ripening, fruit weight, shape, color, plant type, etc. At the end of the growing season, the lines were dug up, assessed for damage by root nematodes and selected for the root system. As a result of the research, 16 early ripening lines were identified with high productivity and quality of fruits, resistant to nematodes and other economically valuable traits. In particular, the early, high-yielding, nematode-resistant line L-32-3 was transferred to the State Variety Test in 2021 under the name Globus variety.

The effectiveness of a new organomineral fertilizer in potato cultivation in the Middle Urals

Purpose of research. To study the effectiveness of a complex multicomponent organomineral fertilizer of prolonged action on potato productivity. Method. The object of research is potato. The subject of research is to study the effect of a new combined organomineral fertilizer on the growth, development, and yield of potato. The studies were conducted in the field experiment in accordance with the basic requirements for their conduct according to B.A. Dospekhov. The experimental work is based on the following methodological recommendations: Methods of state variety testing of agricultural crops; Methods of field and vegetation experiments with fertilizers and herbicides. Results: An innovative product has been developed – a mixed combined organomineral fertilizer based on natural extracted mineral raw materials, bird droppings, and waste from the coke industry. The chemical composition of the fertilizer contains 6 macronutrients of plant nutrition: nitrogen (N) 12%, phosphorus (P2O5) – 12%, potassium (K2O) – 2%, sulfur (S) – 10%, calcium (Ca) - 36%, and silicon (Si) – 25%. The positive effect of fertilizers on the growth, development, yield, and quality of potato has been established. Potato yield at a dose of NP(90) and NP(120) is 5.5; 5.9 t/ha or 30; 32.2% higher compared to the control. It has been established that it is economically feasible to use NP(90) for potato, which ensures low cost and increases the profitability of the production of this crop with high product quality. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the Middle Urals, a new innovative product was created and tested – a combined mixed multicomponent fertilizer for growing potatoes, application for RF patent No. 2023100288 (incoming number 0005490) dated 09.01.2023.

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ И ПЛАСТИЧНОСТЬ СОРТОВ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН

The study aimed to establish the ecological plasticity and stability of yield in winter wheat varieties grown in the Republic of Bashkortostan. To achieve this goal, field experiments were conducted in 2017– 2021 at the Dyurtyulinsky State Variety Testing Site (the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan). The parameters of ecological plasticity (bi) and stability (σ 2 d) were calculated according to S.A. Eberchart, W.A. Rassel, yield range (d) and stress resistance were measured according to A.A. Rossille, J. Hamblin. The yield of winter wheat varieties grown in the Republic of Bashkortostan showed significant variation due to the changes in agrometeorological conditions over the years. The share of the effect the year conditions had on the yield was 64.3 %. Based on a set of indicators the study established that winter wheat varieties Umka and Skipetr demonstrated relatively high stability and the Fotinya variety showed low stability of yield in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Varieties Skipetr and Bezenchukskaya 380 had the highest genetic flexibility. The Fotinha variety demonstrated the lowest genetic flexibility. Winter wheat varieties Fotinya and Bezenchukskaya 380 had the highest ecological plasticity: they showed a good response to the improved growing conditions; they can be classified as an intensive type. Low ecological plasticity was established in varieties Umka and Moskovskaya 39.

New nematode-resistant potato varieties

Goal. Creation of new varieties of potatoes of different groups of ripeness, table use, high productivity, increased level of starch and good taste qualities, resistant to the golden cyst-forming nematode, common and aggressive pathotypes of cancer, fungal and bacterial diseases.
 Methods. Selection work was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted scheme of the selection process. The resistance of breeding material against Globodera rostochiensis was evaluated in accordance with the «Regulations on the Procedure for Testing Potato Varieties and Hybrids».
 Results. The 12 best hybrids — Zlagoda, Myroslava, Knyaginya, Vzyrets, Bazaliya, Opillya, Bazhana, Fanatka, Avangard, Predslava, Oleksandrite and Rostavitsa — were selected and submitted to the State Trial as varieties. Of the 12 transferred varieties, 11 (Zlagoda, Myro slava, Knyaginya, Vzyrets, Bazaliya, Opillya, Avangard, Predslava, Oleksandrit, Fanatka, Rostavitsa) successfully passed the State variety test in 2023 and were entered into the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine.
 Conclusions. The new 11 varieties included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine are advisable to use as a means of controlling the harmfulness of the golden potato nematode in areas infected with Globodera rostochiensis (pathotype Ro1).

The influence of crop structure elements on the seed productivity of soybean collection samples

Relevance. An integral part in the creation of new varieties is the study of the elements of the crop structure of collection samples, and the determination of their impact on yield will allow the inclusion of samples with their optimal ratio in the breeding process.Methods. The research was carried out in the fields of the “Donskoy” Research Center in 2019–2021 in accordance with the Methodology of the State Variety Testing (2019) and the Methodology of Field Experience (2012). The objects of research are 85 soybean samples from the world collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIGRR) of domestic and foreign breeding.Results. The most productive were samples with plant height 55–70 cm, attachment height of the lower bean 16–17 cm and 20–21 cm, number of branches 1.0–1.5 pcs/rast, number of beans 30–35 pcs/rast, number of seeds 65–70 pcs/rast, weight of 1000 seeds 140–150 g and 190–200 g, weight of seeds from a plant 11–12 g, period vegetation period is 112–114 days, protein content is 39.0–39.5%, fat content is 21.0–21.5%.

Screening of raw material for a spring soft wheat selection in the Middle Volga region conditions

The results of the study of 300 samples of spring soft wheat from a collection nursery with different ecological and geographical origin by identifying genetic sources with signs - precocity, short stemmed, coarse grained in the conditions of the Middle Volga region are presented. The research was carried out in 2019-2021 in the forest-steppe zone of the Samara region. The growing seasons during the years of research were quite arid: the hydrothermal coefficient in 2019 was 0.48, in 2020 - 0.52, in 2021 - 0.39 with an average annual value of 0.73. The study of the source material was carried out according to the methodology of the state variety testing and the methodological recommendations of the VIR. According to the results of the study, genetic sources of precocity were identified: Ural'skaya Kukushka, Chelyaba Rannyaya (Chelyabinsk region), Rifor 1, Rifor 6 (Leningrad region), Odeta, Libertina (Czech Republic), Chi Mai 1 (China); short stemmed: KWS Jetstream (Germany), Eleganza, Florens (France), Odeta, Libertina, Septima (Czech Republic), KWS Torridon (Great Britain), VZ-602 (Mexico), Iona (USA), Boett (Sweden), Long Fu 13 (China); coarse grains: Lutescens 6074/6-23 (Kinel), Ehkada 214, Ulyanovskaya 101, Burlak (Ulyanovsk), Saratovskaya 70 (Saratov), Chi Mai 1 (China). In turn, the samples Lutescens 6074/6-23, Ehkada 214, Burlak, in addition to high values of the mass of 1000 grains, had high yields during the years of research. The highest grain productivity was distinguished by samples of local breeding created in recent years - Kinelskaya Yubileynaya, Kinelskaya Zarya, Kinelskaya Zvezda, Kinelskaya 2020, Kinelskaya Volna, Lutescens 6074/6-23, Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, varieties of Bezenchyk selection - Tulaykovskaya 108, Tulaykovskaya 116, as well as Saratov selection - Saratovskaya 73, Saratovskaya 74, Albidum 33 and Ulyanovsk selection - Burlak, Ulyanovskaya 100. The selected genetic sources of valuable traits are recommended to be used as parental forms in breeding programs of crossing in the conditions of the Middle Volga region.

Duration of periods of growth and development of common common bean plants under the effect of the technological measures of cultivation

Purpose. To determine the duration of the vegetation and interstage periods in different common bean varieties under the effect of the method of sowing and plant density in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. Field research was conducted in 2020–2022 at the experimental field of the State Enterprise Experimental Farm Salivonkivske (Kyiv Region) of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in typical low-humus chernozem according to generally accepted methods in crop production. The design of the field experiment provided for the study of the following factors: A – variety (‘Bilosnizhka’, ‘Ros’, ‘Slaviia’); B – sowing method (wide row with a row width of 45 cm, ordinary row with a row width of 15 cm); C – plant density (400, 500, 600, 700 thousand/ha). Phenological observations of the growth and development of bean plants were carried out in accordance with the Methods of State Variety Testing of Crops.
 Results. The period from germination to full grain maturity in common bean was 80–90 days. Thickening of crops extended the growing season of plants of all studied varieties by 1–3 days. The shortest growing season in the studied varieties ranged from 80 to 88 days for the wide-row method of sowing and plant density of 400,000/ha. With conventional row width and a plant density of 700,000/ha, the growing season increased to 82–90 days. The duration of the vegetation period was significantly influenced by weather conditions. The longest vegetation period of 85–97 days was in 2022. In 2020, under the influence of a long-term moisture deficit against the background of high air temperatures, the growing season shortened to 72–81 days. The period from germination of full emergence to the beginning of the budding stage is longer in the varieties ‘Bilosnizhka’ and ‘Ros’. The thickening of crops and the usual row width led to the prolongation of the interstage period of the third trifoliate leaf − budding in all studied varieties. From the flowering stage to full maturity, the duration of the interstage periods was determined only by the varietal properties of the plants.
 Conclusions. The longest growing season, 88–90 days, was observed in ‘Bilosnizhka’ variety and the shortest, 80–82 days, in ‘Slaviia’. Sowing by the usual row method and the increased plant density prolonged the growing season of all varieties. Agrotechnical measures affected the duration of interstage periods only until the onset of the phenological stage of budding, then the growth and development of plants largely depended on the genetic characteristics of the variety and the weather conditions of the year.

Sources of valuable traits for the selection of varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops on the Yaltushkiv EBS

Purpose. To identify sources of economic and valuable traits for the breeding process of industrial, grain and bioenergy crops at the Yaltushkivska Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences.
 Methods. Hybridization, selection, field tests, analytical, mathematical and statistical.
 Results. The best breeding genotypes of beets of foreign and domestic selection that are the donors of valuable traits, are concentrated at the Yaltushkivska EBS. The best hybrid combinations created on the basis of the Yaltushkivska EBS materials and evaluated in the variety test under the Beta cross program significantly exceeded the group standard: in yield (103.6–114.9%), sugar content (96.4–105.7%), sugar yield (110.1–110.8%). A highly productive buckwheat variety ‘Yuliana’ with a yield of 2.2 t/ha and a protein content of 15.0% was created and submitted for state variety testing. The best highly productive and energy valuable varieties of switchgrass were selected for cultivation in areas of insufficient and unstable soil moisture, which ensure the yield of dry biomass at the level of 7.5–16.2 t/ha, the yield of solid biofuel of 8.2–17.2 t/ha, and energy of 112.5–243 GJ/ha. Genotypes from the Miscanthus genus have been identified, which combine signs of tolerance to osmotic and salt stress and high energy yield.
 Conclusions. Selected sources of breeding-valuable traits became the basis for creating varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops (sugar beet ‘Barskyi’, ‘Chereshnevyi’, ‘Ruthenia 11’, ‘Ruthenia 12’, ‘Ruthenia 13’, etc., buckwheat ‘Yuliana’, switchgrass ‘Morozko’ and ‘Liadovske’ and varieties of miscanthus resistant to abiotic factors of the environment). Breeding genotypes and original lines of these crops were transferred to the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ВИНОГРАДА НА МОРОЗОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ И ЗИМОСТОЙКОСТЬ ВО ВСЕРОССИЙСКОМ НИИ ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА И ВИНОДЕЛИЯ ИМЕНИ Я.И. ПОТАПЕНКО

Breeding and varietal studies in All-Russian Research Ya.I. Potapenko Institute for Viticul-ture and Winemaking − branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center» are carried out in the northernmost Russian region of industrial grapevine cultivation. New technical varieties have been bred that have a number of economi-cally valuable features inherent in wild Ameri-can species and Amur grapes, with berry quality close to European varieties. In recent years, technical varieties with white berry: Ledyanoy, Prestige, Izumrud, Nectariy and varieties with colored berry Lyrica, Krasnostop Carpi and Yakhontovy have been transferred to the State variety Testing. The results of the study of these grape varieties in the period from 2015 to 2022 are presented. These varieties have good winter hardiness, consistently high yields, re-sistance to major fungal diseases and are suita-ble for the production of high-quality dry wines. The article presents data on the main ag-robiological and technological indicators, me-chanical and chemical composition of bunches and data on winter hardiness. The tasting eval-uation of the wine material from the studied grape varieties is given. Based on the conduct-ed research, all tested varieties are recommend-ed for the production of high-quality dry wines. The studied grape varieties are used in further breeding work as sources of resistance to fungal diseases and adverse environmental conditions.

Use of ranking method in the development of new orchardgrass varieties

The paper presents the results of selecting the most promising orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) samples, conducted from 2016 to 2021 in the collection nursery of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Federal Research Center Komi Scientific Center Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Republic of Komi, Syktyvkar), based on criteria such as green mass yield for two mowings, ecological plasticity, stability, and adaptability. It allowed for a more comprehensive and objective assessment of this agricultural forage crop's genome potential for creating a new orchardgrass variety adapted to northern conditions. Six numbered samples from the Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) with different ecological and geographical origins were chosen as the research objects: wild populations from the Republic of Komi (SN-184, SN-185, SN-186, SN188) and Norway (SN-1817), and the Haka variety from Finland (SN-1816). The Neva variety (Leningrad region), recommended for cultivation in the 1st (Northern) region of agricultural crop cultivation in the Russian Federation, was selected as the standard. Based on the comprehensive assessment of the six promising samples using ranking by 14 parameters, the authors identified one sample (SN-188) from the wild population of the Republic of Komi as having the best yield (27.0 t/ha), breeding value (6.1), stability level (165.5%), and adaptability coefficient (1.13) compared to the standard and other samples. This sample is recommended for transfer to the breeding test nursery with subsequent study of its economically valuable traits submission for state variety testing in the 1st (Northern) region of the Russian Federation.

Influence of the preparation «Lignohumate» on the decorative effect of perennial plants

Purpose of the article is to study the effectiveness of the «Lignohumate» preparation on the growth, development and decorative qualities of some flower and ornamental crops (Campanula persicifolia L., C. carpatica Jacg., Phlox paniculata L.) in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Cis-Ural. Observations of the seasonal rhythm of plant development were carried out according to the method of phenological observations in botanical gardens, the assessment of ornamental features was carried out according to the generally accepted method of state variety testing of ornamental crops. For the first time in the conditions of the Bashkir Cis-Ural, the influence of the growth stimulator «Lignohumate» on the decorative qualities of some types of flower crops of the collection of the SUBGI UFRC RAS was studied. The features of phenology, growth, as well as the decorative qualities of plants during fertigation with a growth regulator are analyzed. When evaluating decorativeness on a 100-point scale in C. persicifolia, it was found out that «Lignohumate» is effective for such decorative features as the number of leaves, the abundance of flowering and the density of the inflorescence; there is also a reduction in the duration of the period from regrowth to flowering by 5 days. In C. carpatica, such morphometric parameters as flower and inflorescence size, abundance and duration of flowering have improved; also, the preparation helps to increase the area of the horizontal projection of the color spot on the bush by 2.6 times compared to the control. In Ph. paniculata «Lignohumate» is effective for such decorative features as the size of the inflorescence, the abundance and duration of flowering, also during fertigation, the area of the horizontal projection of the color spot on the bush increased by 1.5 times, thereby increasing the decorative qualities of the phlox.

Урожайность и адаптивность сортов гороха в условиях подтайги Северного Зауралья

Abstract. The purpose of the study is a comparative characteristic of the yield of peas in the production and state variety testing of the Tyumen region, as well as a comprehensive assessment of pea varieties by yield and adaptability parameters in the conditions of a subtaiga of the region. Methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of statistical data of the pea yield in the production and state variety testing of the Tyumen region for 2017–2021, as well as data on the results of state variety testing of the varieties admitted to use for 2019–2021 under the conditions of a subtaiga (Nizhne-Tavdinskiy and Aromashevskiy STP). Coefficient of index of environmental conditions (Ij), stress tolerance (Y2 – Y1), yield variability (v, %), plasticity (bi), stability (Si2) and general adaptive ability (GAA) were calculated. Results. The variety Bagu (30.5 and 33.0 c/ha, respectively) was the best in terms of average yield and average yield in contrast conditions, and in terms of realizing the yield potential the variety Kumir was the best (74.7 %). Stress tolerance is low in all varieties, from –19.7 (Yamal) to –27.3 (Tomas), and yield variability is significant, from 30.5 % (Bagu) to 42.7 % (Agrointel). Strong responsiveness to changes in conditions was noted in the variety Salamanca (bi = 1.13), which makes it possible to attribute it to intensive. The varieties Yamal (Si2 = 3.30) and Salamanka (Si2 = 4.36) were the best stability. The varieties Bagu (GAA = 3.3) and Salamanka (GAA = 2.5) were the largest general adaptive ability. The varieties Bagu (sum of ranks 19), Salamanca (sum of ranks 24), Yamal (sum of ranks 31) and Thomas (sum of ranks 33) were recognized as the best by the sum of the ranks of the parameters of yield and adaptability. Scientific novelty. The yield and adaptive potential of admitted to use of pea varieties was revealed based on the results of their testing in 6 environments using a number of methodological approaches. Practical significance. The ranking of varieties according to the parameters of yield and adaptability made it possible to identify the best varieties according to the complex of signs and properties in the conditions of the subtaiga of the Tyumen region.

New spring barley variety ‘Stepnyak’

The purpose of the current study was to develop a new spring barley variety that can form consistently large productivity in different soil and climatic conditions, including regions with frequent droughts. As a result of breeding work at the experimental breeding station ‘Prikumskaya’, a branch of the FSBRI “North Caucasus FRAC”, there was developed a new spring barley variety ‘Stepnyak’ in 2009–2020. The new genotype was obtained as a result of intraspecific hybridization, followed by individual selection from the hybrid population of Nutans g-74840 (EBS ‘Prikumskaya’, a branch of the FSBRI “North Caucasus FRAC”) and Special (ICARDA, Syria). According to maturation terms, the variety belongs to the group of middle maturing varieties. The vegetation period lasts from 75 to 87 days. The new variety has high drought and heat resistance, resistance to lodging and damage by net blotch. During 2020–2022 at the EBS ‘Prikumskaya’, the new variety ‘Stepnyak’, in comparison with the standard, was characterized by a higher productive stem stand with 353 pcs/m2 (+9 pcs. to the standard), number of grain peer head with 21 pcs. (+6 pieces to the standard) and grain yield per total mass of a plant 39.1% (+4.5 % to the standard). The mean variety productivity in the Competitive Variety Testing was 2.42 t/ha and was higher than that of the standard variety ‘Strannik’ on 0.32 t/ ha (15.2 %). The high adaptation of the new variety to changing environmental conditions makes it possible to form a stable productivity increase to the standard variety ‘Strannik’. In 2020, at the EBS ‘Prikumskaya’, with a significant moisture deficit, the variety ‘Stepnyak’ exceeded productivity of the standard variety on 0.30 t/ha. In a more favorable 2021 and 2022 the yield increase varied from 0.24 to 0.43 t/ha. When studying the variety in the Kalmyk Research Institute of Agriculture (in 2021 and 2022), the yield increase to the standard variety ‘Strannik’ was 0.25 t/ha (12.8 %). During the years of the State Variety Testing (2021 and 2022) in the North Caucasus and Low Volga regions, the new variety ‘Stepnyak’ exceeded productivity of the standard on 0.17–0.18 t/ha, respectively. In 2023, the variety ‘Stepnyak’ was included in the State List of Breeding Achievements and recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus and Lower Volga regions.

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИК, УРОЖАЙ

The results of long-term studies (1955-2022) carried out on typical chernozems of the Tambov region, the northernmost border of sunflower cultivation, are presented. The aim of the research is to create very early and early varieties of sunflower with a growing season of 85-95 days, ripening without the use of desiccants. The effect of moisture availability during the growing season and average air temperature on the productivity potential of various sunflower varieties bred by the Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture - branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “FSC named after I.V. Michurin" was studied. The negative impact of increased temperature and reduced precipitation on the yield capacity of sunflower varieties has been established. Over the years of research work on sunflower breeding, 19 varieties and 1 sunflower hybrid have been created. Currently, the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for cultivation in the agricultural production of the Central Chernozem (5) and Middle Volga (7) regions contains 5 varieties: Spartak, Chakinsky 931, Chakinsky 77, PK 05, Chakinsky 100 and one sunflower hybrid Nadezhda, created jointly with OOO “Agroplazma”. In 2021, a new sunflower variety Zagrei 21 was submitted for the State Variety Test.

New early ripe variety of fiber flax Strizh for the conditions of the North-West of Russia

   The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of the main breeding valuable traits and properties of a new fiber flax variety Strizh on the basis of breeding variety testing.   The studies were carried out on sod-weakly podzolic well-cultivated soil in the conditions of the North-West of Russia (Pskov region) in 2018-2020. The most favorable hydrothermal conditions of the growing season for the growth and development of fiber flax were in 2019 (HTC = 1.53; Ij = +1.57), unfavorable – in 2018 (HTC = 0.95; Ij = -0.80). The Strizh variety is a high-yielding in flax fiber early-ripening type (the growing season is 69 days) matures 2-3 days earlier than Dobrynya standard variety. The average yield of flax fiber over the years of the research is 18.6 c/ha, which significantly exceeds the standard variety by 2.3 c/ha or 14.1 % (LSD05 - 0.90 c/ha), maximum yield is 20.3 c/ha. In terms of seed yield, it was inferior to the standard (9.9 c/ha) by 1.8 c/ha or 18.2 %. The new variety is highly resistant to lodging (5 points) and fusarium wilt (85 %). It has a very high flax fiber content in the stems (40.0...40.6 %), which is 3.1...4.8 % (abs.) higher than the standard, and its better quality (strength and flexibility). In production conditions, it provided the production of 19.5 c/ha of flax fiber, that is 2.3 c/ha or 13.4 % higher than the standard (LSD05 = 0.96 c/ha). It has the highest yield under contrasting conditions (genetic flexibility) – 19.3 c/ha and higher stress resistance (-2.0). The Strizh variety and the standard are characterized by low variability of fiber flax yield (CV = 9.8-9.6 %), they are also distinguished by high plasticity (bi = 1.12-1.17), which indicates a good responsiveness of these varieties to improved environmental conditions. The Strizh variety has been in the state variety testing since 2021.